The Denver Dog Magazine – Focus on Health: Canine Leptospirosis

Any of these conditions could be related to a variety of illnesses and as you can see from the chart above there is no single symptom that is linked to leptospirosis infections. This can make the process of diagnosis difficult for veterinarians and most often patient history is a huge factor in getting the correct diagnosis.

How Prevalent is Leptospirosis in Colorado Dogs?

The same survey by the CVMA asked veterinary clinics how many lepto cases they diagnosed and treated. Denver country clinics reported 42 diagnosed cases. Arapahoe and Adams county (which make up most of Aurora) animal clinics reported a total of 48 diagnosed cases for a total of 90 cases across the Denver/Aurora metro area.

Across the state, participating vet clinics reported a total of 265 diagnosed cases. That means that the 90 cases reported across Denver and Aurora represent 34% of the total reported cases across the state.

As just over 1/3 of all of the cases in the state have happened in more populated areas, this supports the idea that leptospirosis is becoming a more urban concern and that vaccination may be prudent even for pets that do not venture into heavy wildlife areas.

At Parkside Animal Health Center in Aurora, we’ve seen several interesting cases of leptospirosis.  In all cases, the family members of the infected dogs were also put on antibiotics by their regular physicians, and several dogs required hospitalized care for multiple days to treat symptoms of liver and kidney failure.  Most interesting, considering that our clinic abuts Cherry Creek State Park, is that the cases we have seen have not been avid dog park visitors or hiking/camping dogs.  Instead, these were family pets who spent the entirety of their lives in their home or backyard.

We often catch leptospirosis through abnormal blood values (particularly those related to the liver and kidney) on lab work run on ill pets.  Once we suspect leptospirosis, we can do an additional test to confirm this diagnosis.

Should I Vaccinate My Dog For Lepto?

The Leptospirosis vaccine is not considered a core vaccine according to AAHA (American Animal Hospital Association) guidelines. At Parkside Animal Health Center, we discuss this vaccination as part of our lifestyle-dependent recommendations.  We discuss with owners the cases we have seen locally, and find out if the dog is likely to come into contact with urban wildlife (raccoon, squirrel, fox or coyote), as well as if they frequent more rural areas (hunting, hiking, and camping).  In addition, we discuss the requirements for their regular boarding and grooming facilities, as some of these are beginning to require proof of leptospirosis vaccination to protect their animal care staff from infection.

Vaccinations for leptospirosis are not all equal – there are several types of common lepto bacteria (called serovars), and vaccination for one is not protective against the others.  Therefore, the most appropriate vaccines are those that contain the 4 most common serovars (canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, and pomona).  The initial vaccination must be boosted in 2-4 weeks in order to be protective for a full year, and this vaccination must be boosted annually while the dog is at risk for infection.

As with every vaccine, reactions and allergies are possible, and most commonly include discomfort at the injection site or mild lethargy.  These symptoms typically resolve on their own.  However, most veterinarians do like to prevent over-vaccination at any given appointment (which can increase the chances of a reaction), and if your dog also needs other vaccinations your veterinarian may administer them over several appointments.

Managing Lepto Risk

Before making a final decision for or against lepto vaccination, discuss your options with your veterinarian. The best veterinary medicine is catered to the individual canine and through a conversation with your veterinarian you can find out more about the risk factors in your area and the best ways to manage those risks. Lepto is a real issue in Colorado and is being diagnosed more frequently in urban areas, but with education and prevention the risk can be greatly reduced.